POSISI HANDS AND KNEES PADA KEHAMILAN DAN PERSALINAN
Abstract
Changing position during labor is an important aspect of labor and has a major impact on the progress of labor, reducing pain and providing adequate oxygenation to the fetus. Vaginal delivery positions that are usually adopted by women are the supine position (57%), the half-sitting position (35%), the inclined position (4%), the upright position such as squatting/sitting (3%), and the hands and knees position (1% ). Stremler et al (2009) suggested that the hands and knees position is more effective than other positions in reducing back pain and supporting the rotation of the occipito posterior of the fetus to the occipito anterior, but their study sample did not achieve statistical power. The hands and knees position it can reduce the effects of gravity and the duration of contractions, reduce pain due to pressure of the lowest part of the fetus in the pelvis and internal rotation of the fetus, correct and prevent fetal malposition, reduce cervical edema and sacral pressure of the presenting part, and increase the antero posterior diameter of the pelvis at the stage of expulsion. This study is a literature review that tries to find information about the position of hands and knees in pregnancy and childbirth through systematic search study of computerized databases (Ebscohost, Google schoolar, and Pubmed), a literature review of 6 journals and 2 text books. Some literature suggests that adopting the hands and knees position in late pregnancy or delivery for fetal malposition (lateral or posterior) has the short-term potential of changing fetal position, but does not affect delivery outcomes. Use of this position during labor is associated with reduced back pain. Therefore, women should be encouraged to use this position for comfort in labour.
Abstrak
Perubahan posisi selama persalinan adalah aspek penting dari persalinan dan memiliki dampak besar dalam kemajuan persalinan, mengurangi rasa sakit dan memberikan cukup oksigenasi pada janin. Posisi persalinan pervaginam yang biasanya diadopsi oleh wanita yaitu posisi telentang (57%), posisi setengah duduk (35%), posisi miring (4%), posisi tegak misalnya jongkok/duduk (3%), dan posisi hands and knees (1%). Stremler et al (2009) menyarankan posisi hands and knees lebih efektif dari pada posisi lain dalam mengurangi nyeri punggung dan mendukung rotasi occipito posterior janin menjadi occipito anterior, tetapi sampel penelitian yang mereka lakukan tidak mencapai kekuatan statistik. Posisi hands and knees dapat mengurangi efek dari gravitasi dan durasi kontraksi, mengurangi nyeri karena tekanan bagian terendah janin pada panggul dan rotasi internal janin, memperbaiki dan mencegah malposisi janin, mengurangi oedema serviks dan tekanan sacrum dari bagian presentasi, dan meningkatkan diameter antero posterior panggul pada tahap ekspulsi. Studi ini merupakan tinjauan literatur (literature review) yang mencoba menggali informasi mengenai posisi hands and knees pada kehamilan dan persalinan melalui studi pencarian sistematis database terkomputerisasi (Ebscohost, Google schoolar, dan Pubmed), tinjauan pustaka berjumlah 6 jurnal dan 2 teks book. Beberapa literatur menjelaskan bahwa mengadopsi posisi hands and knees pada akhir kehamilan atau persalinan untuk malposisi janin (lateral atau posterior) memiliki potensi jangka pendek mengubah posisi janin, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi hasil persalinan. Penggunaan posisi ini selama persalinan dikaitkan dengan pengurangan nyeri punggung. Oleh karena itu, perempuan harus didorong untuk menggunakan posisi ini untuk kenyamanan dalam persalinan.
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